Tenses (At A Glance) 2020


 

 

Tenses (At A Glance)

 

Definition: – Actually a tense is a verb form which indicates a particular point in time or period of time English has two tenses. The Present and the Past Tense, we can talk about future action with the help of the Present Simple. The Present progressive or by using will or shall.

  • F Aspects: – Every tense has four aspects.
  1. Simple
  2. Progressive
  3. Perfect
  4. Perfect Progressive
  • F The Present Simple:-
  • F Singular sub-he/she/it/name.
  • F Rules Regarding ‘s/es’.
  • F If the verb ends in, ss, sh, ch, x, o z, add ‘es’ otherwise ‘s’.

Example:SOCIAL SCIENCE SYLLABUS CLASS 9

  • Go + es =          Goes
  • Teach + es =          Teaches
  • Sing + s =          Sings
  • F If the verb ends in ‘y’ add ‘s’ if vowel comes before ‘y’.

Example:

  • Play + s =          Plays
  • Buy + s =          Buys
  • F Form: – {singular sub + V1 + e/es + ob}
  • Alison sings a song.
  • F Form: – {plural sub + V1 + ob}
  • They cook food.
  • F Negative: –
  • F {singular sub + does not + V1 + ob}
  • F {plural sub + do not + V1 + ob}

Example:

  • She never comes here.
  • We never go to meet her father.
  • F Interrogative (Asking Question) Negative Yes/No type question starts with Do/Does. WH type question starts with WH family.
  • F Yes / No type question: –
  • F {Does + singular sub + V1 + ob}
  • F {Do + plural sub + V1 + ob}

 

Example:

  • Does your brother go to school?
  • Do they run a race?
  • F WH type questions:- {WH + do/does + sub + V1 + sub?}
  • When do you go to school?
  • Where does she live?
  • F Who: – Functions as a singular sub so it is not followed by do/does (Who + V1 + s/es + ob + ?)

Example:

  • Who teaches you?
  • Who gives you this pen?
  • Who disturbs your brother in school?
  • F {which + ob + do/does + s = V1}
  • F {whose + ob + do/does + s + V1}

Example:

  • Which novel does she read?
  • Which book does your brother purchase from market ?
  • Whose does not know the name of Mahatma Gandhi?
  • Why does she not go to school?
  • F Present Progressive: – This tense is applied to indicate an action which is going on at the time of speaking.  Actually  this tense is used for temporary action and near future.
  • F Form:- {He/She/It/Name + is + V1 + ing + ob}
  • He is reading.
  • F {I + am + V1 + ing + ob}
  • I am reading.
  • F {you/we/they + are + V1 + ing + ob}
  • They are playing hockey.
  • F Negative: –
  • F {s + is/am/are + not V1 + ob}

Example:

  • She is not cooking food.
  • I am not reading a novel now- a- days.
  • They are not going to market.
  • F Interrogative/ WH family:-
  • F {Wh + (is/am + sub + V1 + ing + ob?}
  • Is he writing an essay?
  • Are you going to school?
  • Where is she playing?
  • Are they not coming from Agra?
  • F Stative verbs or non- progressive verbs are generally not used in present progressive tense as they indicate fix activities.
  • F
Think, wonder, consider, ponder, understand, remember, forget, feel, smell, taste, have, know, see, hear.

Example:

  • I think.
  • I understand you.
  • I feel that this table is hard.
  • We have a car.
  • F For temporary action the above mention verbs can be used with ‘ing’.

Example: –       I am having lunch is a temporary activities.

  • F Present perfect: – This tense is applied to indicate an action which is finished just now.
  • F Note: – Do not use past time expression such as last week, in 2006 ten years ago etc. with this tense.
  • F Form: – {He/she/It/Name + has + V3 + ob}
  • F Form: – {I/You/We/They + have + V3 + ob}

Example:

  • He has eaten food.
  • They have composed a number of poems.
  • F Never say: – I have done my M.A. in 2006.

Say: –                         I did my M.A. in 2006.

  • F Negative: –
  • F {S + has/have + not + V3 + ob}

Example:

  • She has not eaten food.
  • They have not played hockey.
  • F Interrogative/ WH family: –
  • F {WH + (has/have + sub + V3 + ob)}

Example:

  • Has she eaten food?
  • Have you played chess?
  • Where has your brother gone?
  • Has he not eaten food yet?
  • F Been to: – to go somewhere and came back.
  • F Been is the third form of go here.

Example:

  • She has been to London.
  • Have you ever been to America?
  • F B.: – Stative verbs are not used in present perfect progressive. So use them in Present Perfect.

Example:

  • I have known him for three years.
  • We have loved each other since childhood.
  • F Don’ t say: – We have loved each other since childhood.
  • F Present Perfect Progressive: – This time is applied to indicate an action, which starts in the past and continuous while speaking or finished just now.
  • F Form: – {sing sub + has been + V1 + ing + ob + Since/for + Time}
  • F Form: – {plural sub + have been + V1 + ing + ob + Since/for + Time}

Example:

  • Mother has been cooking food for two hours.
  • They have been singing since 2 O’ clock.
  • F Use of Since /For: –
  • F Since is applied for point of time: –

Example:

  • Morning, Evening, Noon.
  • Sunday, Monday, Tuesday.
  • January, February.
  • 2003, 2007.
  • 2 O’ clock.
  • Birth, Death, Childhood.
  • F For: – is applied for period of time.

Example:

  • For three days.
  • For five years etc.
  • F Negative: – {S + has/have + not + been + V1 + ing + ob + Since/For + time}

Example:

  • She has not been watching T.V. for two hours.
  • They have not been teaching here for five years.
  • F Interrogative/ WH family: –
  • F {WH +(has/have + sub + V1 + ing + ob + since/for + time?}

Example:

  • Has he been sitting here since 3 O’ clock?
  • Who has been teaching you English for two years?
  • How long have you been reading this novel?
  • What has she been doing for a long time?
  • Why has he not been learning French for several months?
  • F Past Indefinite: –
  • F Structure: – {sub + V2 + ob)

 

Example:

  • He went to Meerut.
  • I worked hard.
  • F Negative: –
  • F Structure: – {sub + did + not + V1 + ob}
  • He did not go to Meerut.
  • F {Sub + never + V2 + ob)
  • I never saw him.
  • I never told anything
  • F Interrogative: –
  • F Structure: – { Did + sub + V1 + ob}
  • Did you go to school?
  • Did you do your homework?
  • F WH family: –
  • F Structure: – {wh + did + sub + V1 + 0b}
  • Why did you go to school?
  • F {who + V2 + sub + ob)
  • Who taught you?
  • F Past perfect: –
  • F Structure: – {I/ he/she/it/name + was + V1 + ing + ob}
  • I was reading a book.
  • F Structure: – {you/we/they + were + V1 + ing + ob}
  • They were going home.
  • F Negative: –
  • F Structure : – {sub + was/were + not + V1 + ing + ob}
  • She was not eating food.
  • F Interrogative: –
  • F Structure: – {was/ were + sub + V1 + ing + ob}
  • Was she eating food?
  • F WH family: –
  • F Structure: – {wh + was/were + sub + V1 + ing + ob}
  • Where were you going?
  • F When I went there, she was watching T.V.
  • F Past Perfect: –

                                                            Before

                               Part (A)                                        Part (B)          

  • He had eaten food before you came.
  • F A{sub + had + V3 + ob) + before B(+ sub + V2 + ob}

 

  • F Negative: –
  • F Structure: –{sub + had + not + V3 + ob + before + sub + V2 + ob}
  • He had not eaten food before you came.

 

  • F Interrogative: –
  • F Structure: – {had + sub + V3 + ob + before + sub + V2 + ob?}
  • Had he eaten food before you came?
  • F WH family: –
  • F Structure: – {wh +had + sub + V3 + ob + before + sub + V2 + ob}
  • Where had he gone before you came?
  • F

                                                            After   

                             Part (A)                                          Part (B)

  • F Structure: – A {s + V2 + ob) + B (s + had +V3 + ob
  • He ate food after you had come
  • He did not eat food after you had come.
  • F Future Indefinite: –
  • F Structure: – {s + will + V1 + ob}
  • He will go to school.
  • F Negative: –
  • F Structure: – {s + will + not +V1 + ob}
  • He will not learn his lesson.
  • F Interrogative: –
  • F Structure: – {will + s  + V1 + ob}
  • Will you eat food?
  • F WH family: –
  • F Structure: – {wh + will + s  + V1 + ob}
  • Where will you want to go?
  • F Future perfect: –
  • F Structure: – {sub + will + be + V1 + ing + ob}
  • He will be playing.
  • He will be eating.
  • F Negative: –
  • F Structure: – {sub + will + not +be + V1 + ing + ob}
  • He will not be playing.
  • F Interrogative: –
  • F Structure: – {will + sub+ be + V1 + ing + ob}
  • Will they be going to Agra?
  • F WH family: –
  • F Structure: – {wh + will + sub + be + V1 + ing + ob}
  • Where will he be going?
  • F Future Perfect: –
  • F Structure: – {sub + will + have + V3 + ob}
  • He will have written a letter.
  • They will have gone to market.
  • F Negative: –
  • F Structure: – {sub + will + not +have + V3 + ob}
  • They will not have eaten food.
  • F Interrogative: –
  • F Structure: – {will + sub + have + V3 + ob}
  • Will he have done his homework?
  • F WH family: –
  • F Structure: – {wh + will + sub + have + V3 + ob}
  • Where will they have gone?
  • F

                                    Before

                            Part   (A)                                         Part (B)

  • He will have written a letter before Ram comes.

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